The history of St Luke's Church begins in 1886.

Due to the ever increasing size in congregation at Cockett Parish Church, it was decided that a new Church/Chapel of Ease be built at Cwmbwrla. As the prospect of obtaining funds for such a project was not sufficiently encouraging, it was decided to build a Mission Room, capable of accommodating 200 people, to be used temporarily as a place of worship and then to be continued as a Sunday school. Also during this year, Church services began at the Pentregethin Schoolroom, with Sunday school services being held at a cottage on Pentregethin Road. These services continued until the new Mission Room was completed.

The opening Sunday services at the new Mission Room took place on 27 March 1887, where 'most comprehensive and powerful sermons were preached'. The Mission Room, which had cost £300, was built by George Gustavus of Swansea, from a design prepared by T. Lawrence Lewis of Swansea. Services continued at St Luke's Mission Room for the next three years.

During this time, plans were being unveiled for the new Church at Cwmbwrla. The new £2,800 church would consist of Nave, with North and South Aisles, Chancel, Organ Chamber and Vestry, and would accommodate 500 adults. It was to be designed in the early English style of architecture by E. Bruce Vaughan, Cardiff, and built by the Gustavus Brothers, Swansea, in Pennant rubble with Bath stone dressings and a Burlington slate roof. The foundation stone was laid on 31 October 1889 by Mrs F Walters Bond, and the consecration took place by the then Lord Bishop of St David's, the Right Reverend Basil Jones, on 25 September 1890.

In May 1911, the Parish of Cwmbwrla was formed out of St Peter's Cockett, and the first incumbent, the Reverend David Thomas, was instituted and inducted on 31 January 1912.

In November 2005, St Luke's Cwmbwrla was amalgamated with St Michael's Manselton to form the Parish of Manselton and Cwmbwrla.

The Reverend Jonathan B Davies is the first vicar of the newly formed parish.